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Google Proposes Solar-Powered AI Satellites
05 Nov 2025- Google's Project Suncatcher explores solar-powered satellite data centers hosting TPUs to run AI nearly 24/7, tackling radiation, terabit networking and debris risks, with prototypes planned by 2027.
05 Nov 2025
Google researchers announced a moonshot called Project Suncatcher that explores putting AI compute into orbit — essentially space-based data centers powered by near-constant sunlight. The idea is to host Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) on solar‑panel‑equipped satellites so they can draw electricity almost 24/7, which Google says could make panels “eight times more productive” than on Earth and reduce the emissions and utility‑cost pressures of terrestrial AI farms.
The company published a blog post and a preprint paper outlining technical challenges. Chief among them: inter‑satellite networking that can match land data centers — Google says links must support “tens of terabits per second.” To reach those throughputs it discusses flying tight constellations, perhaps “kilometers or less” apart, which raises collision and space‑debris concerns. Electronics must also survive space radiation; Google tested its Trillium TPUs and reports they “survive a total ionizing dose equivalent to a 5 year mission life without permanent failures.”
Cost is another barrier today, but Google’s analysis suggests per‑kW/year costs could be “roughly comparable” to on‑Earth data centers by the mid‑2030s. As a next step it says it’s planning a joint mission with Planet to launch prototype satellites by 2027 to test hardware in orbit.
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Google researchers announced a moonshot called Project Suncatcher that explores putting AI compute into orbit — essentially space-based data centers powered by near-constant sunlight. The idea is to host Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) on solar‑panel‑equipped satellites so they can draw electricity almost 24/7, which Google says could make panels “eight times more productive” than on Earth and reduce the emissions and utility‑cost pressures of terrestrial AI farms.
The company published a blog post and a preprint paper outlining technical challenges. Chief among them: inter‑satellite networking that can match land data centers — Google says links must support “tens of terabits per second.” To reach those throughputs it discusses flying tight constellations, perhaps “kilometers or less” apart, which raises collision and space‑debris concerns. Electronics must also survive space radiation; Google tested its Trillium TPUs and reports they “survive a total ionizing dose equivalent to a 5 year mission life without permanent failures.”
Cost is another barrier today, but Google’s analysis suggests per‑kW/year costs could be “roughly comparable” to on‑Earth data centers by the mid‑2030s. As a next step it says it’s planning a joint mission with Planet to launch prototype satellites by 2027 to test hardware in orbit.
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