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California enacts SB 53 AI transparency law
30 Sep 2025- California enacted SB 53, requiring large "frontier AI" developers to publish safety/security frameworks and updates, establish incident reporting and whistleblower protections, with civil penalties; industry reaction split.
30 Sep 2025
Senate Bill 53 — the “Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act” authored by Sen. Scott Wiener — is now law in California after Gov. Gavin Newsom signed the revised measure. SB 53 is the second draft of a formerly broader proposal (SB 1047) that Newsom vetoed last year; the earlier bill would have required developers (notably models with training costs of $100 million or more) to test for specific risks. After the veto, researchers produced a 52‑page alternative that informed SB 53’s final text.
The new law requires large AI developers to publicly publish a framework on their websites explaining how they’ve incorporated national, international, and industry best practices into their “frontier AI” safety and security approach, and to post any updates and the reasoning within 30 days. SB 53 also creates a channel to report potential critical safety incidents to California’s Office of Emergency Services, includes whistleblower protections for disclosures of significant health and safety risks, and establishes civil penalties enforceable by the Attorney General. The California Department of Technology will recommend annual updates based on multistakeholder input and evolving standards.
Industry reaction was split: Anthropic publicly endorsed SB 53 after negotiations, while Meta and OpenAI lobbied to shape or limit state-level rules — OpenAI advocated recognizing compliance via parallel federal or global frameworks (for example, the EU Code of Practice).
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Senate Bill 53 — the “Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act” authored by Sen. Scott Wiener — is now law in California after Gov. Gavin Newsom signed the revised measure. SB 53 is the second draft of a formerly broader proposal (SB 1047) that Newsom vetoed last year; the earlier bill would have required developers (notably models with training costs of $100 million or more) to test for specific risks. After the veto, researchers produced a 52‑page alternative that informed SB 53’s final text.
The new law requires large AI developers to publicly publish a framework on their websites explaining how they’ve incorporated national, international, and industry best practices into their “frontier AI” safety and security approach, and to post any updates and the reasoning within 30 days. SB 53 also creates a channel to report potential critical safety incidents to California’s Office of Emergency Services, includes whistleblower protections for disclosures of significant health and safety risks, and establishes civil penalties enforceable by the Attorney General. The California Department of Technology will recommend annual updates based on multistakeholder input and evolving standards.
Industry reaction was split: Anthropic publicly endorsed SB 53 after negotiations, while Meta and OpenAI lobbied to shape or limit state-level rules — OpenAI advocated recognizing compliance via parallel federal or global frameworks (for example, the EU Code of Practice).
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